ERENKOY PSHYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES EDUCATION AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL

“Walking on water, knowing the sun”

Turgut Uyar, from the poem "Saving All Anxiety"

 

“Think of the puzzle game, there is a whole ; that integrity is lost.”

An excerpt from the Erenköy Spring Center for Mental and Neurological Diseases promotional video

 

  “…Before we took this place, we had it examined by a committee of Istanbul Hospital and Sanatorium Chief Physicians. Considering every point, we have concluded that it is an ideal place for this business. (…) The sanatorium is in a quiet place far from the crowds of the city, surrounded by a wall, with numerous mansions and beautifully placed pine groves, vineyards, numerous wells and windmills, and running water ; It has 54 acres of land. The biggest virtue of this place is that it is available for extension as much as desired in the future.”

History of Erenköy Health Campus: Establishment, Development and Service Buildings from the text to which the study refers

 

Contrary to the beautiful feelings of a garden with running water with its beautifully placed pine groves, vineyard, wells and windmills, the campus is far from being perceived as a tranquil place with its high enclosing walls and narrow pavement in the eyes of the citizens passing by. Once inside, it presents a disorganized appearance with its insensitive security garden sets and their placement over time, regardless of the function-periphery relationship. The project is concerned about these two issues:

1. Melting the cold and frightening face of the city wall

2. Elimination of the distance from the “integrity” of the intra-campus settlement despite the potential of the scattered settlement; turning the puzzle into a picture.

The solution of these two topics required establishing a holistic program hierarchy. This is the first hierarchy;

1. Public space (everyone up to the pavement)

2. Daytime area (psychotherapy centre, polyclinics, kindergarten, etc.)

3. Inpatient clinics area (which are the main residents of the campus; basically, it can be considered under two headings as psychiatry and amatem)

4. Service areas (functions such as large-scale kitchen, technical center, parking lot, receiving areas and conference hall, which exceed the internal service areas of each unit)

 

Establishing the Hospital Program Hierarchy

Wooden Kiosk, Psychotherapy Center, Nursery and “a quiet” entrance in the context of the city periphery

The first step of this hierarchy, publicity, is the concept that will transform the frightening quality of the hospital perimeter that faces the city. In this context, it is suggested that the hospital perimeter has been withdrawn enough to exclude one side of the historical mansion, and the basement of the mansion, which is at the same level as the pavement, should be included in public use. With this retreat, a significant part of the campus' green texture has been incorporated into the pavement. The city dweller walking on the pavement along Bayar Street does not come face to face with a high hospital perimeter; without entering the hospital, it comes into contact with the green tissue inside. The basement floor, which catches the street level of the wooden mansion, offers a book-cafe opportunity for the urban dweller to take a breather in this texture. It is envisaged that the upper floors of the mansion, whose main entrance is left within the campus, can undertake a small-scale museum and performance program in the context of the hospital-music therapy concepts. The possibility of this foresight has been realized with its face facing both inside and outside the campus.

Another suggestion in the context of dissolving the Bayar street wall is that the proximity of the Tevfik Sağlam Nursing College-K1 building, which is recommended to function as a "psychotherapy centre", to the pavement was seen as a potential, and an axis allowed by the plan scheme was emptied at ground level and transformed into a portico that can be traversed under it. Since the psychotherapy center is a building used by the patients involved in urban life for daytime therapy, this architectural intervention assumes the representation of a healthy unity of hospital and non-hospital life. A building that is expected to be preserved because it belongs to the memory of the hospital, will thus maintain the accumulated memory with its new face on the periphery facing the city. Architectural instruments such as elevation relations, the creation of an interior landscape axis, the tightening of the column axis, and the transparent surface quality were used in order to prevent this proposed flow at the ground level from creating a privacy problem.

Apart from the fact that the wall to be created along the Bayar street is pulled back and contains grains of the tree texture in front of it, this wall wall has been reduced by breaking down and differentiating the heights and directions of the pieces, and perspectives in which the interior landscape can be perceived have been created.

Starting with the emergency entrance, passing under the portico of the psychotherapy center and facing the street level of the wooden mansion, the daily circulation of the pavement ends with the relatively low wall that houses the nursery. The place where the nursery is currently located was found to be correct, and the need for a nursery in the new program was solved in a way that could receive independent entrance from the street.

The emergency entrance on Bayar street has been preserved and the old door currently used for service purposes has been proposed as the main entrance. Behind the public space expanding towards the wooden mansion and the trees remaining in this area, the main entrance of the hospital has turned into a “secluded” entrance that is reached by traversing a recreation area.

 

Pavilion settling, Waterway and Trees in the context of integrity

The principle in the layout of the new program of the campus “with beautifully placed pine groves” is based on the preference of the traces of the buildings to be removed and the existing treeless areas. Although the virgin area of the hospital, where the existing sports fields are located, offers convenience for settlement at first glance, it was considered that it was relatively on the "periphery" of the campus, and it was thought that the inpatient clinics, which were the main program of the hospital, should be located "inside" the campus. After this upper scale decision; The criteria for maximum ground +2 floors as a building mass, for a unit to have access to all support units from the same level, and for the least number of trees to be affected were adopted. These decisions have resulted in pavilions that find their place among the existing tree texture and carry the surprises of the shaping of these criteria. Maintaining the existing roof texture, feeling the scale of the "house", and legibility of the contained space-shell relationship were given importance, thus creating a mass composition integrity with different fractures, heights, directions and sizes of gable roofs.

In principle, after the day clinics are located close to Bayar street, the amatem program is available in the kitchen, polyclinic, etc. resolved in the region. Towards Bayar street, closed male amatem, cematem, women's health, men's rehabilitation and mother-baby clinics are located. Since these last two clinics were clinics where addicted patients lived before they were included in the society, the other amatems were ultimately located close to the city periphery.  

It was important to solve the psychiatry program, which is one of the main functions of the psychiatric hospital, in close relationship with each other. In line with this idea, the road that passes in front of the "administrative building" and located on the campus parallel to Bayar Street was transformed into a "water" axis, and psychiatry clinics were placed on this axis. This waterway reaches the staff cafeteria and conference hall, starting from the amatem clinics with the walking track on both sides, and passing through all the psychiatry clinics and the administrative building. The waterway, which also has a service road on one side, expands when it reaches the buildings, creating pools. In these pools, fountains that will gently spread the sound of water to the campus, and sculpture arrangements that will add identity to the settlement can be made. The current “Touch of Hope” sculpture will also find its place on this axis without changing its place. The gardens of all the inpatient clinics have turned one face towards this waterway. The water will increase the campus bird population so that it will become a living and healing promenade, with bird sounds, the sound of water, the surrounding colorful landscape elements, and geese and ducks in the hospital memory and existing hospital cluster or to be included. The disorganization of the pavilion pavilion settlement will reach a meaningful unity with this imagined “water and landscape”. It was thought that the access within the campus could be provided by electric vehicle/bicycle, the hard floor was maintained uninterruptedly for each building and parking areas were proposed at the building entrances.

 

Spring Center and Center of Campus

The spring center, which has artistic workshops for addiction patients and group and individual therapy spaces, is located in the geometric center of the campus with permaculture and landscaping arrangements, bordering the waterway, just opposite the series of amatem clinics. The spring center is a roof that can be used by other hospital users, such as a psychotherapy center, considering the richness of open space and space flexibility. As an expression of this dream in the campus layout plan, the “Spring Roof” calls its surroundings under its shadow with its plain geometry.

The middle garden area, where the spring center is located, is surrounded by the Red Crescent Pavilion and the Stamp Service buildings on the other side. The Red Crescent Pavilion includes art workshops, group and individual therapy rooms, open kitchen areas, in line with the proposal of the jury. The staff library and hairdresser's have also been resolved in this building, and these programs have been brought together with the new staff cafe, with a short takeaway. The new building has been transformed into an extension of the old building, the richness of the spatial differentiation in daily circulation has been revealed, the middle garden has been surrounded from one side and its privacy has been strengthened.

In the Red Crescent pavilion, which is expected to work towards the middle garden, the main entrance was taken to this front with the interior arrangement, the direction of the program and circulation was opened to permaculture gardens, open amphitheater and other landscaping, and from there it was reached to the waterway. As the other historical building contains some of the titles of the Polyclinic program, its main entrance has been preserved.

Red Crescent Pavilion and Stamp Service Original Balcony Facades and Ortabahçe Relation

In line with the historical photographs of the Red Crescent and Stamp Service buildings, the facades on the other side of the entrance facade, which are described as the front facades, were restored to their original terraces and balconies, with the idea of enriching the programs they uploaded and drawing the campus atmosphere into the building with semi-open spaces. On the plan plane, a balcony was created in front of the workshop and therapy spaces in the Red Crescent Pavilion, and these balconies in the Stamp service were designed as the balconies of the examination rooms. It has been imagined that doctor and patient meetings could be moved to these balconies.

 

Day Programs, Polyclinics and Proximity to the City Periphery

Despite the psychiatry and Amatem clinics, the Polyclinics are located close to the city periphery. Polyclinics, Amatem-Çematem Polyclinic, Health Board, Detainee Outpatient Clinic, outpatient cafe and Psychotherapy center on the periphery are clustered around a courtyard. This cluster was supported by the Stamp Service building, which was used as a Neurology outpatient clinic.

 

Administrative Building and its Original Balcony Facade

Like the Red Crescent Pavilion and the Stamp Service buildings, the Süleyman Çakır Pavilion features balconies along the campus-facing façade in its original scheme. In the new planning, these balconies are arranged as semi-open areas of the offices. Again, this façade faces the waterway and the Spring Center, opening up to its own landscape in front of it. At the entrance of the administrative building, three axes deep flooring was removed, the seminar hall and foyer, the chief physician's meeting room and the foyer and high volume visitor waiting areas were created. The masonry brick and reinforced concrete beam façade layout to be revealed on the perimeter of the building and the richness of the use of new materials inside will create the new character of the building.

 

Conference Hall, Central Technical Area, Central Kitchen, Maintenance Workshops, Parking Lot etc.

The relatively treeless area on the periphery of Işık High School on the campus was seen as a suitable area for the basement floor needed for parking and technical areas. Considering the construction phase, this area, which can also be defined as the service zone, will be built while the hospital continues to operate, making it possible to act flexibly in the subsequent phases. Considering the private use of the sleep service, this clinic is located close to the parking service. The need for parking has been largely solved on 2 parking floors, and open parking lot pockets have been designed especially around the administrative building, taking into account the intermediate uses. Hospital care workshops are also clustered around a courtyard on the first basement floor.

A relatively quiet entrance is designated south of the campus for peripheral access to the parking lot and service zone. Thus, parking lot users, service vehicles, garbage and cleaning vehicles will be able to reach the service zone by traveling along the southern inner wall of the campus.

 

Old-New, Brick-Reinforced Concrete Beam, Hipped Roof-Gable Roof, House Scale, Garden Column and Horizon Clearance

The material culture identified from the old photographs of the early historical buildings that are proposed to be preserved has inspired the architectural character of the project. Interpretation of masonry press brick material with reinforced concrete beams of historical buildings with up-to-date details has been tried. In this context, the gable roof system, in which the hipped roof culture can be seen on the façades, was preferred, and current detail solutions were searched and it was decided on the cross-section detail without eaves, where the wall brick also turns to the roof plane. The main research topics have been the scale of the house, the reading of the mass equivalent of the interior program, the circulation of the garden wall elevation as a reinforced concrete bond beam in all campus buildings, the transformation of the building walls into a garden wall, and thus the enclosing walls finding their place in mass integrity.

By solving the garden walls of Psychiatry and Amatem clinics as an extension of the building blocks, a holistic architectural language was adopted in which the boundaries are created by the building mass. The gardens, whose borders are defined by a series of brick-clad columns, do not interrupt the continuity of the campus landscape with the colonnade spaces. Privacy is provided by dense landscape elements of one meter on both sides of the garden colonnades. It is envisaged that the colonnade voids can be solved with materials and systems that will not interrupt the continuity of the view, such as glass, metal textile, steel mesh, metal lamella railing systems, which are hidden.

 

Patient Room, Clean Air-Clean View

Apart from observing the basic standards in the solution of the mental and nervous diseases patient room (the opening of the rooms from their short fronts to the campus, the wet spaces back to back while creating a series, etc.), the potentials of the front opening to the campus were considered. While this facade is divided into two parts, with fixed joinery on one side, it offers a clean view towards the garden; the other side is designed as an opening joinery with the gap arrangement of the facing brick in front of it. With this design approach, the issue of solving the railing in front of the window has been achieved by the formal transformation of the facade material, allowing the patient to access fresh air without supervision. Again on this façade, a 75 cm work surface in front of the fixed joinery part and a 40 cm high seating surface on the hollow brick part are designed. Although the single use of the rooms is essential, when the use of two people is required, the arrangement in front of this façade can be removed and one bed can be provided to lean on the wet area wall and the other against the façade wall. In this arrangement, the opportunity to work will be provided in common areas. It is aimed to obtain an optimal solution between the two situations.

 

staging

Thanks to the zoning provided by the hierarchy between the programs at the site plan level, it was foreseen that the project would come to life by continuing to provide services with all its functions. In this context, a transformation scenario is proposed by dividing the project into 5 stages:

1st Stage: Neurology Clinic-Sleep service structures on this system will be built, together with the technical, central laundry, central cafeteria, parking lot, conference hall, which is the service need of the new campus, of the sports area currently used by the neighboring educational institution. This phase will include the restoration of Male Psychiatry-A and B clinics and the Administrative building. While the administrative building will be moved to the current Psychotherapy center, the psychotherapy center of the hospital will be provided in the surrounding district outpatient clinics. When this stage is completed, the Administrative building will be moved to its main structure, and the Neurology Clinic and Male Psychiatry will be moved to its new buildings.

2nd Stage: With the 1st stage, the current service area of the campus, whose service needs were built, will be emptied and the amatem clinics area will be built. The prefabricated Polyclinic program here will be able to be moved to the N1 building, which was vacated from the Neurology clinic, which has moved to its new building built in the 1st stage.

3rd Stage: When the Amatem zone is completed, the women's psychiatry clinic, child-adolescent psychiatry, spring center, ECT-TMS buildings will be constructed and the Stamp Service and the Red Crescent pavilion will be restored.

Stage 4: This phase includes the construction of the outpatient clinics, the restoration of the K1 building that will serve as a psychotherapy center, the arrangement of the street walls of the immediate area and the restoration of the wooden mansion. At this stage, the current Neurology clinic (Policlinic settled in this building in the 2nd Stage) will be moved to the emergency area and will continue to serve together with the other prefabricated polyclinic building.

5th Phase: In this phase, which includes the emergency building and all environmental arrangements, the new Amatem-Çematem Polyclinic will be used urgently to receive service from the main entrance, while the polyclinics in this region will be moved to their new buildings. When the 5th stage is completed, the project will be completed by moving to its new emergency building.

 

Trees to be Removed and Possible Moving Areas

While the project was located in treeless areas with vacant building areas in principle, some trees had to be removed at some points in terms of the continuity and rationality of the plan solution. It is foreseen that 49 trees, 45 trees and 4 trees for the new service road around the waterway, will be directly affected and relocated due to the new settlement. It is thought that these trees will be planted in the new Male Psychiatry-B Clinic garden and the current service area periphery. Considering the proximity of the settlement to the tree trunks, the construction of a basement floor is avoided in the entire building trace, and there is a laundry room, technical area, cleaning warehouse, etc. Partial basement floors are designed for volumes.